Background: Different disease labels could influence management preferences for patients with rotator cuff disease and reduce unnecessary surgery.Â
Objectives: To examine whether different labels for rotator cuff disease influence patients’ perceived need for surgery.
Methods: We conducted a six-arm, online randomised controlled experiment in participants with and without shoulder pain. Participants read a vignette describing a patient with rotator cuff disease and were randomised to one of six labels: subacromial impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tear, bursitis, rotator-cuff-related shoulder pain, shoulder sprain and episode of shoulder pain. Perceived need for surgery was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included perceived need for imaging, an injection, a second opinion and to see a specialist, perceived seriousness of the condition, recovery expectations, and perceived impact on work attendance. Using a Bonferroni correction, adjusted between-group mean differences (MD) and 99.67% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using a one-way analysis of covariance, with significance set at p<0.0033.
Results: 1,308/1,626 (80%) responses were analysed. Participant mean age (standard deviation) was 40.3 (16.0) years, 59% were females. Mean perceived need for surgery (0-10 scale) was low and slightly higher among those labelled with a rotator cuff tear compared to bursitis (2.6 vs. 2.1, MD 0.7, 99.67% CI: 0.0-1.4). Mean perceived need for imaging (0-10 scale) was moderate and slightly higher among those labelled with a rotator cuff tear (4.7 vs. 3.7, MD 1.0, 99.67% CI: 0.1-1.9) and subacromial impingement syndrome (4.7 vs. 3.7, MD 1.0, 99.7% CI: 0.2-1.9) compared to bursitis. No other comparisons were significant.
Conclusions: There were small differences in perceived need for surgery and imaging between some labels. These differences may not be clinically important.